Libraries tend not to have genealogical vital records, but they can be an excellent source of information about the area plus city directories, maps, newspapers, magazines, photographs, etc.

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US
Directory of Genealogical Libraries in the US – Hundreds listed by state with contact information, many with hot links
Allen County (Ft. Wayne, IN) Public Library – Extensive collection of resources and databases for Indiana and the Midwest
Cleveland Public Library – Genealogy Section
Library of Congress – European Reading Room
Library of Congress – Polish Directories
Loyola University Chicago – Głos Polek, journal of the Polish Women’s Alliance of America online collection
Michigan – Library of Michigan
Newberry Library – Chicago
Polish Museum of America Library – Chicago

GREAT BRITAIN
Polish Library – London

POLAND
Polish Libraries – Contact information for university and other libraries
Polish National Library – Warsaw
Kujawsko-Pomorska Digital Library – Toruń
Małopolska Digital Library – Kraków
Wielkopolska Digital Library – Poznań